What is the difference between type.__getattribute__ and object.__getattribute__?

python,getattr,python-internals,method-resolution-order

You are operating directly on classes. object.__getattribute__ is only used on instances of A and B instead. That's because special methods are looked up on the type; for instances the type is the class. For classes then, the type is.. type: >>> class A: ... f = 1 ... >>>...

Python self and super in multiple inheritance

python,inheritance,self,super,method-resolution-order

Just to clarify, there are four cases, based on changing the second line in Pizza.order_pizza and the definition of OrganicPizza: super(), (Pizza, OrganicDoughFactory) (original): 'Making pie with pure untreated wheat dough' self, (Pizza, OrganicDoughFactory): 'Making pie with pure untreated wheat dough' super(), (OrganicDoughFactory, Pizza): 'Making pie with insecticide treated wheat...

Class properties without superclass properties

python,method-resolution-order

To bypass the normal search through the __mro__, look directly at the attribute dictionary of the class instead. You can use the vars() function for that: return vars(cls).get('pickled', None) You could just access the __dict__ attribute directly too: return cls.__dict__.get('pickled', None) but using built-in functions is preferred over direct access...