The IA-32 architecture implements PAE to increase it's address space from 32 bits to 36 bits, this is done by dividing the page table in a three-level scheme.
Page directory table -> page directory -> page table -> 4-kb page
How is the increase from 32 to 36 bit address space achieved where do the 4 extra bits come from?
The physical address space can be 36 bits. The linear address space is always 32 bits in IA-32.
Its achieved by increasing the size of the page directory pointer table entries, page directory entries and page table entries. They are all 64 bits with PAE paging enabled.And actually with PAE you can address up to 52 bit physical address space.
To store the 36 bit physical address of 4KB page you actually need less than 36 bits because you know that the address will end up with 12 zeroes (2^12B=4KB) since the address is page aligned. So you actually need 24 bits to store it.
The problem with storing it for paging in 32-bit mode is that the table entries are only 32 bits and 12 bits of them are reserved for flags and internal CPU usage.So you only have 20 bits left which is not enough for the purpose.You can only use those 20 bits to store 32 bit physical address of a page.
Some CPUs however support extension called PSE-36 which allow to address physical address space up to 40bit in 32-bit paging mode with 4M pages enabled. The paging structure is the same (32 bit entries) but some of the unused bits in the entries are used to store the rest of the physical address. (Note that for 4MB pages the last 22 bits of the address end up with 0 because 2^22=4MB so you need 22 bits less than the actual physical address to store it).
Edit : here is a picture from the IA-32,Intel64 Software developer manual. This is how the page structure entries look in 32-bit paging mode 
Here is how they look in PAE mode : 
Behind the scenes, ToPagedList is going to perform two operations: To get the total number of records (for knowing how many pages there will be): query.Count() To get the current page of records: query.Skip((pageNumber - 1) * pageSize).Take(pageSize) Those result in the two queries you are seeing. It's going to...
c++,c,performance,compiler-optimization,computer-architecture
If you know how the branch predictor works you can get to 100% misprediction. Just take the expected prediction of the predictor each time and do the opposite. The problem is that we don't know how it is implemented. I have read that typical predictors are able to predict patters...
linux-kernel,paging,virtualization,kvm
In 64-bit Linux, all physical addresses are always mapped with a Supervisor mapping in the kernel half of the address space. You can convert a physical address to the corresponding virtual address in the linear kernel mapping by adding PAGE_OFFSET, which on x86-64 is 0xffff880000000000. Are you sure that you...
caching,arm,computer-architecture
A scratchpad is just that a place to keep some stuff. Cache, is memory you talk through normally not talk at. Scratchpad is like a post it note, something you write something on and keep with you. Cache is paper you send off to someone else with instructions like a...
indexing,cpu,cpu-registers,computer-architecture,cpu-architecture
A register can hold any value that fits in the number of bits it has. What makes the value negative or not is the way you treat it. The question you should be asking yourself is - does your basic CPU support signed arithmetic operations, and how does it encode...
assembly,cpu-registers,computer-architecture,machine-code,lc3
PC-relative offsets are applied on top of the already incremented PC, that is the "after" value of the PC, or in other words, the address of the following instruction.
json,facebook-graph-api,ios7,paging
Page information has the current access token, and also depending up different limits restriction paging values will always change , so; its best to use the url and fetch the result. Because the result of next will also have pointer to both previous and next , best method to parse...
extjs,memory,proxy,paging,extjs5
This is actually a very subtle error on your part; In your Main class you are defining a store configuration of type: 'mygrid' on your gridpanel, you are then defining the store configuration a second time on the pagingtoolbar - this is creating two seperate store instances and subsequently confusing...
memory-management,linux-kernel,paging
No, cr3 has the physical address of page table, not the virtual address. If cr3 contains the virtual address of page table, you'll fall into a logic dead loop and have no way to find page table.
computer-architecture,encoder,digital-logic,vlsi,digital-design
At initial state: Q = 0, D1D0 = 00, Q' = 1, JK = 00 encoder input:0001 After 1st clock pulse, D1D0 = 01 encoder input:0011 so JK =01 resets output Q = 0, Q' =1 After 2nd clock pulse, D1D0 = 10 encoder input:0101 So JK =10 sets output...
c#,asp.net,gridview,datatable,paging
From OP comments when I press the delete button it is deleting a selected row from the first page only When you are going to delete record from page after first page, you have to add the records on previous pages to get the index of the record in the...
assembly,load,cpu-registers,computer-architecture,lc3
In KBSR (keyboard status register) bit 15 is set when a key is read, so you get 0b1000_0000_0000_0000 (or 0x8000) ... which - interpreted as a 2's complemented negative number - happens to be -32768 decimal.
memory,operating-system,paging,page-tables
You would need 3 pages (or 12K) for your page table - one for the top level page, and two 2nd level pages. Allocating just the space that is currently needed would be more complicated and likely slower than the alternative. Check out Prof. Levy's slides for some nice pictures...
computer-architecture,cpu-architecture,energy
OK, this is was going to be a long answer, so long that I may write an article about it instead. Strangely enough, I've been working on experiments that are closely related to your question -- determining performance per watt for a modern processor. As Paul and Sneftel indicated, it's...
One possible way to have software break on better hardware would be if there is a race condition bug. On slower hardware it might never come up because the hardware conditions make it just slow enough, but on faster hardware 2 threads of a program could inadvertently end up competing...
table,paging,jdeveloper,jqueryform
I was able to put pagination to work, changing this In the VO Sector Tunning All Rows; In Batches of: 100 Component Table Appearance / ScrollPolicy - page Behaviour / AutoHeightRows - 0 Style / StyleClass - AFStretchWidth ...
debugging,operating-system,computer-architecture
That is why all the ordered events such as interrupts, faults, exceptions, etc, are always handled at the commit point in out-of-order processors, where the original program order is restored and the correct machine state can be captured. This means that you may know of a pending event but still...
c#,.net,asp.net-web-api,odata,paging
You can extend the default behavior of the EnableQuery attribute to use web.config's value as you want. Maybe something like this: public class EnablePagedQueryAttribute : EnableQueryAttribute { public EnablePagedQueryAttribute() { int myPageSizeFromWebConfig = 0; // Get value from web.config as you want: if (int.TryParse(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["myPageSize"], out myPageSizeFromWebConfig)) { this.PageSize = myPageSizeFromWebConfig;...
assembly,cpu,cpu-registers,computer-architecture,lc3
"operands (who the computer is expected to do it to)." - pg116 "The LD instruction requires two operands." - pg180 The LD command requires both a register and a label. The label is technically a PCoffset9. "operands can be obtained from registers, from memory, or they may be literal" -...
computer-architecture,digital-logic,vlsi,digital-design
In order to provide you more of a learning opportunity, I will do the process for determining PI and EPI graphically on another function, similar to yours. You can use the exact same method to then solve the numbers for function you gave in your question. Note, there are multiple...
Memory is byte-addressable hence, you do not need to divide by 2^3 for bytes to bit conversion. Explaining it further, 16-bits for address means that the processor will generate memory addresses of length 16 bits which will be used to address the byte or half-word or word present starting (or...
fpga,computer-architecture,cpu-architecture
This would depend on the particular CPU, but to give you an idea a Xilinx MicroBlaze Soft Processor Core takes up around 1000 logic cells, maybe up to around 6000 logic cells with peripherals. A high end FPGA like the Xilinx Zynq-7100 has 444K logic cells. Configuring an FPGA is...
On an Intel virtual memory system, the user/supervisor bit set to 1 for a certain page means "this page is accessible by a process executed in user mode (in contrast to supervisor mode) ", see here. I which mode a process is executed is determined by the supervisor bit in...
paging,computer-architecture,ia-32,page-tables
The physical address space can be 36 bits. The linear address space is always 32 bits in IA-32. Its achieved by increasing the size of the page directory pointer table entries, page directory entries and page table entries. They are all 64 bits with PAE paging enabled.And actually with PAE...
memory-management,operating-system,paging,page-replacement,demand-paging
In a system that uses demand paging, the operating system copies a disk page into physical memory only if an attempt is made to access it and that page is not already in memory (i.e., if a page fault occurs). It follows that a process begins execution with none of...
assembly,cpu-registers,computer-architecture,machine-code,lc3
You're getting this error because the LC3's state machine only has two versions of the ADD command. ADD R1, R2, R3 ADD R1, R2, #7 You can see that we can add registers together or we can use ADD immediate. ADD immediate is where we use the last operand as...
.net,sorting,datatable,jquery-datatables,paging
From the description of the retrieve option (emphasis mine): Retrieve the DataTables object for the given selector. Note that if the table has already been initialised, this parameter will cause DataTables to simply return the object that has already been set up - it will not take account of any...
c,caching,computer-architecture
I assume by cache memory size of 512 you mean 512 byte. And let's assume cache is empty and has nothing in it that is mapped to a[] or b[] region. If your code runs with write back, then the first loop will be fully cache-missed. The third loop will...
You are doing asynchronous calls in find but in your callback you have other statement after find. These will be executed before find finishes. Could that be the problem?
sql,sql-server,sql-server-2008,comments,paging
You could use a query similar to the following to get the Comments in the correct order: select case when c.ReplyId is not null then ' ' else '' end + UserName + ': ' + c.content Line from Comment c order by IsNull(c.ReplyId, c.CommentId), c.commentId ...
caching,system,cpu,computer-architecture,cpu-cache
After watching this Caching Video, I was able to figure this out. (Highly recommend this video) Please correct me if any of this is wrong In total the address has 64 bits. Now for the different components of the cache address Byte - There are 64 bytes in a byte...
verilog,fpga,system-verilog,computer-architecture
Do not mix blocking and non-blocking assignments in the same always block. sum3e variable depends on sum3a and sum3b but at the same time sum3a and sum3b value is changing because of non-blocking assignments,This will results in logical errors.
64bit,cpu,memory-address,computer-architecture,processor
Thanks to aruisdante's comment, I was able to figure this out. Basically 64 bit addresses means there are 2 ^ 64 total addresses. Because byte addressable memory is used here, each address will store one byte. This means that in total, in the address space, 2 ^ 64 bytes can...
computer-science,computer-architecture
In your configuration a memory block is made of 16 words. Let me also assume that a word is 4 bytes and the memory is byte addressable. 1 Block = 16 words = 64 bytes Block numbers usually grow with memory addresses, that is: Block Address Range Block #0 [0,...
caching,multicore,computer-architecture,processor,false-sharing
Summary: False sharing and cache-line ping-ponging are related but not the same thing. False sharing can cause cache-line ping-ponging, but it is not the only possible cause since cache-line ping-ponging can also be caused by true sharing. Details: False sharing False sharing occurs when different threads have data that is...
operating-system,paging,tlb,page-tables
The TLB and PT indexing is assumed to be "parallel". So lookup for TLB and PT are simultaneous. Upon memory lookup, the processor launches both a PT and TLB query. If the TLB has an answer, it will answer first; that's hit case. If not, the query will continue to...
This is a RAW hazard as you're Writing data into R2 & R3 and then Reading those values in the SUB command. So (R)ead (A)fter (W)rite...
hardware,boolean-logic,computer-architecture
You can't just shop for nand gates, those are ones used for hobbies or other markets, nand gates are in your processor in your computer, and they're not individual component but directly lithographied on the die, they are a few nanometers in size and there are billons of them on...
memory-management,operating-system,paging,cpu-architecture
I think I found out the solution. Each entry in the top-level table may be empty, in which case the entire segment is not present, or may point to a lower level page table that maps the pages in that segment. Each lower level page table has up to 256...
javascript,angularjs,bootstrap,paging
You're missing the items-per-page, in your case it should be 16, but since you don't provide it it set to the default of 10 items per page.
memory,memory-management,operating-system,paging,virtual-memory
If you have a page size of 4096, then page number = address DIV 4096 page offset = address MOD 4096 Those two values uniquely identify the logical memory location. Two addresses can be in the same frame. If that were not the case, there would be no point in...
jquery,jquery-datatables,paging
My assumptions with your question: You have a html-table, that is being populated from the context having all 50 rows. Now you want to do pagination for those elements. Here, I'm going to show some approaches: Think about Django Pagination . You context variable will do the pagination. Use Django-datatable-view...
assembly,load,cpu-registers,computer-architecture,lc3
Anytime you see a PCoffset as an opcode operand LEA R2, A ; Loads the memory location of A into R2 ; LEA, DR, PCoffset9 It's telling you that when your code is assembled it doesn't actually place the label 'A' into your LEA command. Take the following code: .ORIG...
assembly,ascii,cpu-registers,computer-architecture,lc3
As you noticed, operations are performed on ASCII values of entered characters. In assembly, if you read characters from keyboard, you really get their ASCII values in registers, so let's say you enter 2 and 3 and want to add them, then you are really adding 50+51. You have to...
x86,paging,x86-64,virtual-memory,tlb
In the simplest possible terms; the requirement is that anything the CPU's TLB could have remembered that has changed has to be invalidated before anything that relies on the change happens. The things that the CPU's could have remembered include: the final permissions for the page (the combination of read/write/execute...
memory,memory-management,paging,page-tables
You need a first level page with all entries populated to point to second level pages. The trick is to share second level pages that do not refer to any actual physical memory. If you use only 2 pages of second level entries, you should need a total of 4...
caching,computer-architecture,addressing
The block offset is simply calculated as log2 cache_line_size. The reason is that all system that I know of are byte addressable. So you need enough bits to index any byte in the block. Although most systems have a word size that is larger than a single byte, they still...
performance,caching,optimization,computer-architecture,perf
The first thing you want to make sure is that no other computational process is running on your machine. That's a server CPU so I thought that could be a problem. If you use multi-threading in your program, and you distribute equal amount of work between threads, you might be...
verilog,computer-architecture,digital-logic
When I change to use a function I get the error Packed dimension must specify a range. I think you need to think about your partProds width and connections. Using a function: module bcd_mult_1_n #( parameter N = 8 ) ( input [N * 4 - 1:0] num1, input [N...